Healthy People 2020 Website
History
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HIV was first identified in 1983 by scientists. However, HIV-I was found to be surprisingly, an old disease with three separate subtypes M, N, and O. The best guess by scientists is that the condition is a precursor of the common subtype M virus that originated from Cameroon Chimpanzees to humans. This was even before 1930. A Virologist Dr. Bette Kroeber from Losse Alamos National Lab used samples of tissues infected by HIV tissues within a period of three decades. He calculated that the ancestral form of HIV began spreading in almost 80 years ago. The transfer of this virus from chimps to humans happened shortly after this period. Healthy People 2020 Website
According to Korber’s model the oldest known HIV sample was found in 1959. However, finding the actual period f the spread of this virus is difficult since the virus cannot survive the condition and ravages of time. The samples are made up of Blood serum and have RNA making them to degenerates faster than tissue samples with DNA (Frontline, 2013).
According to most researchers studying AIDS, they believe that aspect of bush meat trade led to the spread of HIV-1 and HIV -2 viruses to enter the human stream. This started when the hunters butchered and eat chimpanzees and this exposed them to animal blood having HIVs. When hunters had bites, cuts and scratches in the slaughtering of the chimps they cached the virus. Therefore, the early hunters could have contracted the first strains of HIV-1 from the Cameroon chips while the HIV-2 spread to humans was through the Sooty mangabeys that were kept and hunted as pets in various parts of West Africa. Healthy People 2020 Website
Later on, it became easy for sexual partners to spread the diseases and this became the vehicle and road through which various isolated cities and villages become to be connected. Hospitals too played a major role in the use and reuse of infected needles due to lack of adequate funds and lack of knowledge in how the disease spread. Thus, many healthy patients were infected by the virus (Frontline, 2013).
Global/ National/ State/ County statistics
In the United States, HIV epidemic has continued to be a major crisis in public health. Approximately 1.1 million people are living with this virus. 1 in five people may be having HIV, but are not aware and this leads to further spread of the disease. Approximately 56,000 new infections are reported every year. Globally the leading continent with people living with HIV is the Sub-Saharan Africa with 22, 400, 000 people. This is followed by Southeast and South Asia with 3,800,000 people. Then Central and South America with 2, 000, 000, central Asia and Eastern Europe with 1, 500, 000. North America with 1,400, 000. East Asia with 850, 000. Central and western Europe with 850,000, North Africa and Middle East with 310, 000, Caribbean with 240, 000 and Oceania with 59, 000.
Based on data provided by CDC surveillance 2008-2010, the states with the highest incidence of HIV infection included Florida, Arizona, Connecticut, Massachusetts’s, California, Michigan, New York, Louisiana, Texas, Carolina, Indiana, Washington and North Carolina. This includes the four counties and cities undertaking their spare HIV surveillance. These include San Francisco, New York City, Los Angeles county and Houston. In terms of race, HIV infection among the African American was estimated to be about 12,600 to 16, 900 in 2010. Generally the infection of HIV among the African Americans has continued to be greater than the Latinos and whites (Centers for Disease Control, 2011). Healthy People 2020 Website
Future goals for prevention.
The National HIV/AIDS strategy was established by the White House in 2010 with the goal of increase health access and improving the outcomes of health for individuals living with HIV. The strategy also aims to reduce the large number of individuals infected by HIV and further reduce the disparities of health relating to this condition. Interventions to prevent HIV infection have proven effective in reducing the transmission of HIV. There is many programs and government sponsored programs that provide testing services. People visiting these programs learn that they are infected and are advised on ways of living a positive life and change of behavior. This way, it becomes possible to contain the spread of HIV (Frontline, 2013). Healthy People 2020 Website
Nurses role in education and prevention.
Nurses have the role of educating and creating awareness on the spread and prevention of HIV. The Code of Ethics for Nurses by American Nurses Association defines the role of nurses as individuals who can restore and promote health. They deal with alleviation of suffering and prevention of illnesses. Nurses do care or persons living with HIV and the………
