Post a description of the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain, including similarities and differences between them.

Discussion: Pain

The neurological system affects all parts and functions of the body through nerve stimulation. Nerves also control the sensation and perception of pain. While pain can be described in a variety of ways, it is essentially labeled according to its duration and source. As an advanced practice nurse evaluating a patient, you need to consider the following questions: Does the pain quickly come and go, or is it persistent and ongoing? Does the pain arise at the source of injury or in another location? In this Discussion, you compare three common types of pain—acute, chronic, and referred.

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To Prepare

Review this week’s media presentation on the neurological system, as well as Chapter 14 in the Huether andMcCance text.

Identify the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain. Consider the similarities and differences between these three types of pain.

Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prescription of treatment for acute, chronic, and referred pain.

Post a description of the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain, including similarities and differences between them. Then, explain how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prescription of treatment for acute, chronic, and referred pain.

Required Readings

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 14, “Pain,      Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function”

This chapter covers the role of pain, sleep, stress, and the senses on body functions. It also explores alterations involving pain, sleep, stress, and the senses.

Instructor Requirements

As advanced practice nurses, we are scholars, nurse researchers and scientists. As such, please use Peer-Reviewed scholarly articles and websites designed for health professionals (not designed for patients) for your references. Students should be using the original citation in Up to Date and go to that literature as a reference. The following are examples (not all inclusive) of resources/websites deemed inadmissible for scholarly reference:

1. Up      to Date (must use original articles from Up to Date as a resource)
2. Wikipedia
3. Cdc.gov-      non healthcare professionals section
4. Webmd.com
5. Mayoclinic.com

Sample Solution

Acute pain, chronic pain, and referred pain are the three main types of pain that can arise due to different reasons. Acute pain is a short-term pain that is often related to tissue damage or inflammation, and it lasts for less than six months. Chronic pain, on the other hand, is persistent pain that lasts for more than three to six months and can result from tissue damage or chronic diseases such as cancer, arthritis, or neuropathy. Referred pain is pain that arises from an area of the body other than the actual site of the injury or damage. It can be a result of nerve damage or irritation, muscle spasms, or other factors.

While the pathophysiology of acute, chronic, and referred pain may vary, some similarities exist. All types of pain involve the activation of nociceptors, which are sensory neurons that respond to tissue damage or injury. The activation of these neurons triggers the release of chemical mediators such as prostaglandins, histamines, and cytokines, which initiate the inflammatory response and cause pain. Additionally, all types of pain involve the transmission of pain signals through the nervous system, from the peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and the brain.

Patient factors such as genetics and gender can impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prescription of treatment for acute, chronic, and referred pain. For instance, genetics can influence an individual’s pain threshold and response to pain medication. Some genetic variants are associated with an increased risk of chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, while…order a customized answer here

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