Policy & Advocacy For Pop Hlth

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Global Health Issue: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

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Country: United States

National/federal health policies adapted for the global health issue: The U.S. has implemented several policies to address NCDs, including the Affordable Care Act, which expands insurance coverage and improves access to preventive services, and the National Prevention Strategy, which aims to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent chronic diseases.

Strengths and weaknesses of each policy: The Affordable Care Act has increased access to health insurance coverage and preventive services, but has also faced criticism for increasing healthcare costs and reducing choice of healthcare providers. The National Prevention Strategy has a broad focus on promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing chronic diseases, but has limited resources and may not be sufficient to address the complex and multifactorial causes of NCDs.

Social determinants of health and impact on the global health issue: Social determinants of health such as poverty, education, and access to healthcare can impact the risk and burden of NCDs. For example, individuals living in poverty may have limited access to healthy food options and safe recreational spaces, which can increase the risk of obesity and physical inactivity, both risk factors for NCDs.

Cost, quality, and access to the global health issue: The U.S. spends a higher proportion of its gross domestic product on healthcare compared to other countries, but has poorer health outcomes and lower life expectancy. In terms of access, insurance coverage and affordability can be a significant barrier for individuals seeking preventive and treatment services for NCDs.

Impact on the health of the global population: NCDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the burden of NCDs is projected to increase in low- and middle-income countries. Policies and interventions implemented in the U.S. can have a ripple effect on the global population, as the U.S. is a significant contributor to global health research and funding.

Impact on the role of the nurse: Nurses play a critical role in promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing and managing NCDs, and providing patient education and counseling. Policies that improve access to preventive services and chronic disease management can enhance the role of nurses in addressing NCDs.

Country: Japan

National/federal health policies adapted for the global health issue: Japan has implemented several policies to address NCDs, including the Healthy Japan 21 program, which aims to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent chronic diseases, and the National Cancer Control Plan, which focuses on cancer prevention, screening, and treatment.

Strengths and weaknesses of each policy: The Healthy Japan 21 program has a comprehensive and coordinated approach to promoting healthy lifestyles and preventing chronic diseases, but faces challenges in implementation and evaluation. The National Cancer Control Plan has achieved high screening rates and improved cancer survival rates, but may not be sufficient to address the increasing burden of cancer in Japan.

Social determinants of health and impact on the global health issue: Social determinants of health such as aging, urbanization, and lifestyle changes can impact the risk and burden of NCDs. Japan has the highest proportion of elderly individuals in the world, which can increase the risk of NCDs such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Cost, quality, and access to the global health issue: Japan has a universal healthcare system that provides affordable access to preventive and treatment services for NCDs. However, the cost of healthcare is increasing due to the aging population and increasing prevalence of NCDs.

Impact on the health of the global population: Japan has one of the highest life expectancies and lowest rates of premature mortality in the world, and policies and interventions implemented in Japan can serve as a model for other countries.

Impact on the role of the nurse: Nurses in Japan play a critical role in promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing and managing NCD

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