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Hepatitis E

Hepatitis E is an enterically transmitted infection that is self-limiting. It is caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). It is mainly spread through fecally contaminated water and has many similarities to hepatitis A. Hepatitis E has been found out to cause chronic hepatitis in solid organ recipients. It E can manifest in two phases which are acute and chronic phase. The acute phase lasts for less than 6months and symptoms may go unnoticed while the chronic phase lasts for a longer period and symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and pain in the liver area may be prevalent.

Hepatitis E treatment is mainly preventive and relies on clean drinking water, proper sanitation and good personal hygiene. Online writing companies Treatment focuses on alleviating the symptoms associated with the infection. There is a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine that has also been successfully developed to prevent against infection.

Hepatitis F

Hepatitis F is a technically non-existent virus. Hepatitis F has come about due to an infection common in the Far East which is neither hepatitis B or C. in some circles, this virus is being recognized as hepatitis F virus (Meers et al 57). Online writing companies

Hepatitis G

Hepatitis G is caused by the hepatitis G virus (HGV) which is very similar to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The hepatitis G virus infection is extremely rare and so far it does not seem to cause infection or illness although it coexists with other hepatitis infections. It has been found out that about one in five people with hepatitis C virus also carry hepatitis G virus. Although it coexists with other hepatitis infections, in rare occasions it has also been found to exist on its own where other hepatitis infections are not present. Online writing companies Hepatitis G virus is a blood borne and is transmitted through contaminated blood or fluids. It is a recently discovered type of hepatitis firstly described in 1995. Diagnosis is mainly through blood tests. There is no specific treatment to hepatitis G, other than rest which is to be undertaken by the infected person (Achord 31).

Hepatitis H

Hepatitis H is likely to be the name given to the next hepatitis virus that is isolated by scientists. Studies are being conducted by scientists to try and define why 10-15% of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis do not belong into any of the other hepatitis virus category. So it is therefore possible that this hepatitis H category is waiting for the virus if found to claim it.

In conclusion therefore there are 8 strains of hepatitis that have been researched on extensively and elaborately explained. Online writing companies These include hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Hepatitis has been studied as disease that affects the liver in its chronic stages which is its worst stage. It generally would reach the chronic stage because the initial stages of hepatitis or the acute stages are very asymptomatic, this means that they rarely show any signs that would make one rush to hospital therefore giving the virus time to accumulate to a chronic stage. Online writing companies

Most of the hepatitis viruses in their acute stage usually clear out on their own, but if this fails to happen then this is when it would develop into the chronic stage which would lead to abnormalities in the liver like the liver cirrhosis, liver cancer which might need one to get a liver transplant to alleviate the situation.

The best method that has been adopted to deal with this disease has been to avert the risk factors is the prevention of infection and spread. Online writing companies For example blood has to be thoroughly screened before transfusion, and medical equipment have to be thoroughly sterilized before they are reused. Certain procedures that could lead to the spread like tattoos, drug use and even sexual activity are also being addressed so as to prevent spread of certain strains like the hepatitis C for example.

Apart from prevention however there are also certain medications that researchers have come up with and have been discussed in this paper that can help to deal with the disease.

We therefore know that having hepatitis is not hope lost because hepatitis has a cure and one can continue living a normal life after hepatitis Online writing companies (Hepatitis Foundation International).

There have been concerns and uncertainty on the suitability of making use of non-human primates for the medical research, majorly because of the evolutionary closeness to the human beings. Debate around this topic has become polarized, Proponents arguing that there are no harmful effects from using the animals and that its abolition would amount in the loss of large information that polarizes the debate on this topic (Bell et al, 2006). Online writing companies

However, such researches subject the non-human primates to the experiments that first make them ill, then try to treat them using various techniques under test or research. These techniques are not only degrading to the animals, but are also unsafe, since some animals die in the process of the researches. Use of non-human primates for medical research is misleading, ineffective and harms not only the animals, but also people.

The major use of animals in the medical research is to test the safety of medicine before usage by human beings. However, primates’ records at foreseeing and predicting the side effects of drugs has been terrible (Wolfe-Coote, 2005). Online writing companies

Many drugs that were safe for the animals either caused harm or killed human beings when used. For instance, in 2006, six young men lost their lives in NorthwickPark hospital after taking a new drug proven safe on monkeys even in high doses. In 2004, arthritis drug Vioxx led to the loss of more than 140,000 lives, making it the worst drug disaster in the history, despite working well on monkeys.

The second main use of primates in the medical research involves brain research (National Research Council 2003). However, the most striking differences between primates and human beings are in the brains. Alzheimer’s using primates did not inform the medical community about the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Tangles and plagues in the brain are the characteristics of the disease in people, but not in monkeys.

Monkeys tolerated the Alzheimer’s “vaccine—AN-1792”, but it caused inflammation of the nervous system and strokes in humans. Development in treating strokes also shows another example presentating the difference between the primate and human’s brain rests. These drugs worked in primates, but none of them worked on human beings, sometimes some of them were harming the patients while on trial.

Medical community also makes use of primates to carry out studies on infectious diseases (Wolfe-Coote, 2005). However, even chimpanzees, which are the closest to the human beings, are immune to human malaria, Hepatitis B and C, AIDS virus and many other dangerous human pathogens. It is, therefore, futile to study such infections on animals, while they cannot contract them in the same way as the human beings. Online writing companies Moreover, the medical practitioners agree that there are fundamental differences in genetic and biochemical makeup between primates and human beings, which makes primates prone to some illnesses, which the primates cannot contract. For instance, the human genes present larger susceptibility to age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Moreover, 80% of proteins in chimpanzee are different to some extent compared to those of the human beings.

Putting an end to the use of non-human primates would be beneficial to the human medicine by bringing to a stop the flow of unreliable data derived from such researches, and making use of more promising and reliable research methods. Online writing companies This will include making use of human-based tests, which will offer relevant and reliable information on which research can be conducted further (National Research Council, 2003). The findings of this research apply to the hospitals without any fears of further loss of lives. Moreover, medical practitioners should take advantage of the new inventions and technologies like micro fluid devices, micro dosing, computer modeling and scanning technologies to conduct their researches. This will not only end human suffering, but also the non-human primate’s suffering.